The Soviet German War essays

The Soviet German War expositions The Soviet-German War is the most ruthless scene of the most horrible war that humankind has ever observed (Clark 1). During the Great Patriotic War, as Joseph Stalin coins it, the Soviet Union rises through unadulterated constancy as one of the universes extraordinary superpowers. In spite of the fact that Stalin and the USSR develop successful, the penances made are tremendous (Clark 446). Assessments appear between 20-25 million Soviets bite the dust from 1941-1945. Just 7-8 million Germans kick the bucket during this equivalent period (Encarta). A large number of these passings are an immediate consequence of the splendid (in some cases crazy) chess coordinate between two of the most domineering pioneers ever: Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. Indeed, even today, a few people contemplate which pioneer fits the counter Christ depiction best. The best method to break down the brains of these two chiefs is to inspect every tyrants ascend to control, the intentions which prompted the u nholy collusion, and the underlying hostile crusades that every despot dispatches. Conceived on December 21, 1877, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvilis father is a boozer and his mom is a washer battling to help the family. Dzhugashvili will later be referred to the world as Joseph Stalin (Encarta). Stalins mother, Ekaterina Georgievna, is a devoted individual from the Orthodox Church and enters him into the Seminary at Tifilis(Georgia) in 1894 for the investigation of brotherhood in the Georgian Orthodox church. Not long after Stalin turns out to be a piece of the unlawful Marxist development (Encarta). The youthful Stalin rapidly ascends to the position of pioneer of his own Marxist circle. In May of 1899, he is removed from school barely shy of graduation in which later socialist writing criedits to political equalization (Encarta). At this point, Joseph Stalin has gotten more inundated in his job as an expert instigator of the framework. While functioning as a bookkeeper in Tbilisi, Stalin joins the Social-Democratic Workers Party. In 1900 and... <!

Poes The Raven Essay -- Edgar Allen Poe

Raven During a chilly, dim night in December, a man is endeavoring to discover some comfort from the recognition of his lost love, Lenore, by perusing volumes of overlooked legend. As he is about overwhelmed by sleep, a thump comes at his entryway. Having first accepted the thump to be just an aftereffect of his dreaming, he at long last opens the entryway contritely, yet is welcomed distinctly by haziness. A rush of half-wonder, half-dread defeats the speaker, and as he looks into the profound murkiness, he can just say Lenore. Upon shutting the entryway, another thump is promptly gotten notification from the chamber's window. The storyteller opens up the screen and window, and in stages an enormous, lovely raven, which quickly posts itself on the bust of Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of insight, over the passage of the room. Interested by the creature, the speaker asks it its name, to which the winged animal answers Nevermore. Believing Nevermore to be the raven's name, the storytelle r's interest is aroused, yet the speaker accepts the name to have little importance to his inquiry, for he had at no other time known about any man or brute called by that name. In spite of the fact that the winged creature is quiet, the storyteller mumbles to himself that it, similar to every single other gift of his life, will before long leave him. Again the fowl answers Nevermore. Intrigued, the speaker pulls a seat up legitimately before the fledgling to all the more promptly direct his consideration on the wondrous mammoth, and to make sense of the significance of the winged creature's single repetitive answer. While in examination in the seat, the speaker's psyche goes to Lenore, and how her edge will never again favor the seat wherein he presently rests. Out of nowhere suffering from extreme melancholy, the persona accepts that the raven is a boon, proposed to convey him from his ang... ... end, and he ensured that no former verse would outperform this in rhythmical impact. Poe at that point worked in reverse from this verse and utilized Nevermore from numerous points of view, so that even with the reiteration of this word, it would not end up being dreary. Poe fabricates the strain in this sonnet up, refrain by verse, yet after the peaking refrain he tears the entire thing down, and tells the storyteller that there is no significance in scanning for a good in the raven's nevermore. The Raven is set up as an image for the storyteller's Sorrowful and endless recognition. And my spirit from out that shadow, that untruths skimming on the floor, will be lifted - nevermore! Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allen. The Raven. McQuade, 1688-91. Poe Edgar Allen. The Philosophy of Composition. McQuade 1671-79.

King Leopold's Ghost by Adam Hochschild Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ruler Leopold's Ghost by Adam Hochschild - Essay Example Obviously, modern upset turned into a significant device of progress among the whites and the blacks. Such huge numbers of Africans became doormats of white rulers basically in view of the idea of their standard. Moreover, a solid relationship existed among the whites and the colonialists that gave the blacks a conspicuous methodology of ensuring that a few issues were drawn closer in an innovatively stable manner. A few things of exchange like ivory, elastic, weapons, and steamships were essentially utilized by colonialists to upgrade their methodology and to give a superior method for understanding their objectives. During that specific time, slaves were the principle focus for provincial bosses (Hochschild 33). Additionally, new innovations encouraged colonization process by ensuring that all the pilgrim domains were overseen in an exceptionally controllable way. With the utilization of firearms, pilgrim experts occupied with unrivaled war strategies that at long last made a regio nal fight among the provincial bosses. A large portion of the pilgrim experts took an interest in a procedure that gave a sign of where different correspondence methodologies were rehearsed. With the sort of information that was accessible by at that point, numerous European forces chose to rehearse the demonstration of administering Africa with an iron clench hand. With the utilization of innovation not withstanding, there meant that numerous nations in African were not prepared for any sort of sort of initiative that could demolish their activity. Utilization of predominant weapons, for example, firearms and successful methods for transport enabled the colonialists to control the Africans in a way that reflected compelling impulse for administration. Mechanical insurgency offered numerous African countries a chance to comprehend the quality of pilgrim aces. All the important viewpoints were considered by pioneer experts. It is certain to bring up that all the parts of expansionism began from the longing by frontier experts to offer the best of their administrations in Africa. In any case, a significant number of provincial gatherings put together their prosperity with respect to the utilization of unrivaled weapons and innovation. An ideal representation of innovation application is the point at which the Africans are colonized from a viewpoint that isn't the desire of the numerous neighborhood individuals (Hochschild 76). Once more, the accomplishment of colonialists was fundamentally because of utilization of prevalent weapons. Africans were vanquished in light of the fact that numerous colonialists were utilizing profoundly unrivaled weapons. For instance, there was no chance an African was permitted to utilize a firearm during the war. This was just a procedure by numerous colonialists to maintain a strategic distance from the sabotaging of open picture. There was a recognition by then that Africans could make effectively in any fight if their weapons we re unrefined and sub-par. Additionally, the pilgrim experts in many pieces of the African mainland chose to examine the impact brought about by such sort of fights in like manner individuals. The result in this way uncovered plainly that such huge numbers of individuals inside the mainland had a solid observation about the imperialism and its negative impacts. A definitive effect of the innovative methodologies turned into the last sign of how African settlements could be controlled (Hochschild 45). The murdering of numerous Congolese never showed up in the American news and media just in light of the fact that African was seen as a dim landmass. The slaughter went unnoticed and numerous individuals were murdered with the utilization of predominant weapons. In contrast to the Nazi slaughter in Germany, the executing of such a significant number of

Questions On Reading An Article About The Carry Trades - 825 Words

Questions On Reading An Article About The Carry Trades (Essay Sample) Content: The Carry TradesAn Assignment Submitted byName of StudentName of InstitutionInvestors in different places globally are making money/gathering profits through a trading strategy called carry trade. This is a popular trade among many multinational investors, both big and small. This trade involves two currencies namely funding currency and target currency. A funding currency is one with lower interest rates while a target currency is one with higher interest rates. Now, this trading strategy assumption of how a carry trader would expect to make a profit is when he or she borrows money in a country whose currency is weak and whose interests are low, meaning the borrowing is cheap, and then invests the borrowed money in another country whose interest rates are higher, then at the end of the investment term, the investor can exchange the foreign currency returns with its interests back to a currency with low interest rates in order to gain profits.In addition, for an inves tor to gain profits without worrying about exchange rate risks, the exchange rate at the end of the investment period must be relatively unchanged, meaning it should be the same as initial rate when an investor started the investment, otherwise an investor might risk losses.Although this is a popular trade, there are a number of risks an investor may encounter. One of the risks is about economic changes that may happen in a country or a region especially when an investor has invested his or her money in a country that initially had a high rate of interest and then the currency in that country starts to tumble, this will mean uncertainty of exchange rates and probably a loss for the investor. Another risk within the carry trade is the volatility aspect within the foreign exchange markets. A higher volatility in the foreign exchange market will create difficulty in employing this trade because the markets that present a high interest rate gap in most cases present higher currency vola tility and a sudden weakening of the purchased target currency could generate losses and this is a higher trading risk involved for investors.Now, this popular carry trade involves the exchange of two currencies. The two currencies involved are funding currency and target currency. Usually, a funding currency is one with a low interest rate and a target currency is one which investors are interested in because of its performance, meaning it is a currency with a higher interest rate. Therefore, what investors do is borrow money in a country whose currency is weak and has a lower interest rate then invest the money in a country whose currency has a higher interest rate, then at the end of investment period, the investor exchanges back the investments earnings into a currency with a lower interest rate in order to know how much profit he or she has gained.Now, according to the article, a number of funding currencies as well as target currencies have been mentioned. Below is a list of t hese currencies.The funding currencies mentioned are; * European Euro * Japanese YenThe target currencies mentioned are; * Indian Rupee * Indonesian Rupiah * Philippine Peso * Australian Dollar * South African RandAmong these currencies, some are considered unconventional because it is unusual to think of funding trades for target currencies such as rupees with funding currency such as Euros. This means that an investor should sell a funding currency in order to buy a target currency but not vice versa.According to the article, Paul Lambert talked about the recent session of volatility in foreign exchange markets which has made employment of the popu...

Analysis Of The Universal Health Care System - 1688 Words

Canadas publicly-funded universal health care system is a direct representation of Canadas fundamental values of equality (What are Canadian Values?, 2017). However, of all high-income countries that have implemented a universal health care program (Lopert, 2017), Canada is the only country that has yet to include prescription drugs within their universal health coverage plan (Martin, 2017, p. 90). Provinces are now demanding a public insurance plan for prescription medications, but pharmaceutical innovations are at risk if Canadian negotiators are not able to reach a consensus with U.S. demands during the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Lopert, 2017). In order for Canada to achieve a universal†¦show more content†¦If only one pharmaceutical manufacturer imports medication from the U.S., costs of prescription drugs will significantly rise for Canadians (Lopert, 2017) because if there is no competition, the manufacturer is free to set the med ication prices. It will ultimately be these trade policies, over health policies (Galea, 2017), that causes disturbance to Canadas progress in establishing a national pharmacare program. Reality is, these conflicts are arising due to different political-ideological values that cause the nations to react differently to the same global forces (Petrin, 2017). Fear has returned as a global epidemic force and when fear comes back, it leads to more rules, regulation, and violence (Petrin, 2017). This current issue regarding NAFTA is also a result of the world being in a state of fear for their economies (Petrin, 2017). It was the globalization of money that caused the Great Recession of 2008, and the U.S. is the economic nerve of the world (Petrin, 2017) which caused this to become the Global Economic Crisis of 2008 (Amadeo, n.d.). In order to target this economical fear, the U.S. has taken a nationalistic approach in respect of their nationalistic ideological values while Canada and Mexico have taken the globalist approach (Petrin, 2017). Trump believes that the U.S. must stepShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Health Literacy788 Words   |  4 Pagesto research health literacy in relation to access and outcome. From a theoretical perspective, researchers assessed the concepts of â€Å"health communication, health disparities, health literacy, literacy, microrange theory, military health system, patient education, theoretical framework, universal access† (p. 308). To study the phenomenon of health literacy, they â€Å"present a conceptual framework adapted for use in studying health literacy in population groups with universal access to care† (p. 309).Read MoreUniversal Health Care: Do Time and Place Matter? Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages Universal health care models are currently adopted by many countries worldwide. Although a superficial look at these systems may show many similarities, a detailed analysis shows differences in their philosophies, standards of care, delivery models, and recipients’ expectations. This paper takes a closer look at the universal health care models in Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, and Japan in comparison to the American system. Gold standards of health care services Gold standards ofRead MoreThe United States Should Provide Universal Health Care For All Of Its Citizens857 Words   |  4 Pagesas a whole (The Institute of Medicine). II. Today I will provide arguments showing you why the United States should provide a Universal Health Care for all of its citizens. III. After conducting thorough research on this topic, I am here to share this information with you today. Tie to the audience: Am sure that there is someone that you know that might need health care and cannot afford it or even you have found yourselves in this same place while in between jobs. IV. Today I’d like to talk toRead MoreSicko1326 Words   |  6 Pages[Rhetorical Analysis Assignment (1)] (4 full pp. double-spaced) Sicko Analysis In 2007 documentary Sicko Michael Moore addresses the issue of America’s health care system. This topic has been in continuous debate among our political leaders for many years now. Michael Moore believes America’s health system is morally corrupt which is unreasonable for being the wealthiest country in the world. In many instances throughout the film, he argues the fact that the American health care system is subjectRead MorePublic Long Term Care Insurance Of Germany, Japan, And The United States1427 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare system. Campbell, Ikegami, and Gibson (2009) provided an analysis of the healthcare systems in Germany, Japan, and the United States in their article ‘Lessons From Public Long-Term Care Insurance in Germany and Japan’ (Campbell, Ikegami, Gibson, 2009). Germany and Japan reportedly experienced similar growth with their aging populations and took proactive measures to introduce comprehensive long-term healthcare insurance due t o inadequacies in funding within their standard universal healthcareRead MoreUniversal Health Care : Universal Healthcare1740 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Universal health care, sometimes referred to as universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care, usually refers to a health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country. It is organized around providing a specified package of benefits to all members of a society with the end goal of providing financial risk protection, improved access to health services, and improved health outcomes. Universal health care is not aRead MoreHomeless Adults : A Comprehensive Assessment Of Health Care Utilization1486 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Adults Health Care Utilization under Universal Health Insurance in California A review of the article: A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Care Utilization Among Homeless Adults Under a System of Universal Health Insurance Hwang, S.W., Chambers, C., Chiu, S., Katic, M., Kiss, A., Redelmeier, D.A., Levinson, W. (2013). A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Care Utilization Among Homeless Adults Under a System of Universal Health Insurance. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S2), 294-Read MoreConcept Analysis Of Orems Self Care Deficit Theory1552 Words   |  7 PagesA Concept Analysis of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Introduction Dorothea E. Orem devoted her life to defining nursing and the nurse’s role in improving the patient’s overall health, which she coined the Self-Care Deficit Theory. Orem’s theory is quite a complex one, which can be simplified by identifying that it is three theories in one: self-care theory, self-care deficit theory and nursing systems theory. In 1959, as Orem first began the evolution of the Self-Care Deficit Theory, she defined theRead MoreInternational Healthcare Comparisons1741 Words   |  7 PagesEven with this large amount of healthcare spending, the U.S. has almost 50 million residents without health insurance and 29 million who are underinsured (The Commonwealth Fund, 2012). Tanner (2008) estimates â€Å"total U.S. healthcare spending exceeds $1.8 trillion dollars, more than Americans spend on housing, food, national defense, or automobiles† (p.2). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed in the U.S. in 2010, and is projected to decrease the number of uninsured by 30Read MoreCanada s Health Care System973 Words   |  4 PagesCanada’s health care system is one that formed in the 1950s and 60s, also known as Medicare. It is a system that Canada as a nation often takes pride in, as it is predominantly public with basic health care is available to all citizens, and has some aspects of the private system incorporated as well. Health care often occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. After a thorough analysis of private health care associated with neo-conservatism, and public health care associated

Essay on Happiness Is My Ultimate Personal Goal - 873 Words

It is enormously difficult to sit down and write a personal goal that is concise and reflects who I am and what I am working towards. Many goals that I have do not have a concise finish line. Others that do have an ending point seem almost miniscule against the larger backdrop of my life. Some broader goals that I have are to never let my life stagnate, constantly be learning, live happy, and to empathize with everyone I can. I have more than just these goals, but many other goals can fall under or fit within these previous four goals. In fact, these four goals fit within each other. For example, it may be my goal to empathize with other people so that I can learn something new from their perspective. In learning something new my life†¦show more content†¦This is a huge reason as to why I have chosen Materials Engineering as my major. On this planet we have a limited amount of resources and we need scientists and engineers to be able to work together with policy makers and the public to figure out solutions that are sustainable. One particular interest that I would like to be able to work on sometime in my life is making consumer electronic products more recyclable. Another field I find interesting is designing polymeric materials that can be made from indus trial or agricultural waste and will biodegrade so that we have less plastic siting in landfills and filling up dumps. My reasons as to why I am applying to the NASA LARSS Program are greatly related to the goals I have previously mentioned. I believe that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is a fantastic organization with many talented and brilliant people working for it. There are a lot of very unique material challenges when it comes to flight and space travel. For example Jet engines must operate at extraordinarily hot temperatures to booster efficiency. But in this extreme environment many materials would exhibit different and probably less desirable properties than at lower temperatures. It is the job of the materials scientist to develop new materials and engineer current ones so that these jet engines can perform reducing overall cost and consumption. Between engines, heat shields, whipple shields, to even whatShow MoreRelatedHappiness Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness is most prominent in those that are fortunate. Those with many friends, a supportive family, and an abu ndance of material goods are the happiest. Aristotle teaches that happiness is the ultimate goal in a successful life. It is a sense of fulfillment that comes to all who are blessed. Happiness is acquired through competence and prosperity. It is a reward to all who flourish in life. Those born into poverty and anguish are more likely to be miserable than happy. It is highly necessary forRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Happiness : Time, Money, And Social Connections1570 Words   |  7 Pagesis very debatable. Happiness can last anywhere from a fraction of a second to possibly a lifetime. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines being happy as â€Å"feeling pleasure and enjoyment because of your life, situation, etc..† Although there are a few set definitions for the word, the definition of happiness can range from person to person. Most people define happiness by naming material things in their life as well as people. Setting goals to achieve one’s definition of happiness can ca use them toRead MoreMy Cultural Conception Of Happiness1296 Words   |  6 Pageswant happiness and do not want suffering . . .† That being said, people from different cultures want to be happy. The only thing that differs between cultures is how each distinct culture perceives how happiness can be achieved. Such is true for the conception of happiness between my culture, the American culture, and the Indian culture. While the conception of happiness across my culture and the conception of happiness across Indian culture are both individualistic, the conception of happiness inRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 Pagesare right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy. Therefore, according to the utilitarianism greatest happiness principle, when a person w ishes to act in an ethically sound manner, he or she should strive to bring about the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible amount of people. In contrastRead MoreEssay on Personal Ethical System 1356 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal ethical system We human beings live in a society. The society or the social world we live in is based on human cooperation. In other words, the individuals in a society do not live in an isolated self-centered world. The human interactive system presupposes ethical and moral standpoint from which we operate. My personal ethical system is based on â€Å"service before self† and â€Å"love your neighbors as yourself†. The question that I wish to address in context of these two principlesRead MoreHappiness What is happiness? Probably, this is one of the most difficult concepts. The meaning of800 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness What is happiness? Probably, this is one of the most difficult concepts. The meaning of happiness cannot be reached treasures of gold and silver, because it is more precious than gold and silver. Everyone knows happiness by his desires, outlook on life, and the lifestyle. For example, people think that happiness is when you understand or when you have money. They aspire to this life, and when they get to realize that happiness is not the case. Poor people think that happiness is money,Read MoreWe Need A Common Bonds Of Moral Rules Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesIt is my opinion that we need a common bonds of moral rules in any society as guideline for living in safe harmonious community. Therefore, it goes beyond bounds of self-interest as morals is part of fabric of any society. The history of moral philosophy is proposed to justify why people should act morally, but these reasons of being moral remain controversial. Rationalizing why human beings should act morally is not an easy task when seen as part of community fabric. This question would be moreRead More Placing Me Before We in Ayn Rands Anthem Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesliberty, and the happiness of self-interest. Equality 7-2521 writes three unique phrases in his journal: nbsp;1. My happiness needs no higher aim to vindicate it. My happiness is not the means to an end. It is the end., 2. We know that we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it., 3. The word We . . . must never be placed first within mans soul.. nbsp;These phrases will be discussed individually in the remainder of this essay. nbsp; 1. My happiness needs no higherRead MoreReaction To Who Moved My Cheese By Spencer Johnson Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesas they related to Johnsons message, my life, and to each other. Now, after writing this paper, I can assert that this story appeals to its audience on a level much more personal than their career. The story assists ones self in diminishing a fear of change. It is this core purpose that has the potential to influence the many facets of a humans life, be it in the workplace, love, or another achievement. It is through this personal appeal that I will write my reaction to the text. Spencer JohnsonRead MoreAggression Is An Instinctive Drive That People Are Born With1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthink about how I help my family with the income from work, instead of acting out of rage and aggression at the work place. Strengthening the internal mechanisms is the key to self-regulation and control. Explain the factors that influence happiness, being sure to discuss the relationship between wealth and happiness. What makes people happy can differ from person to person. Just as personalities often dictates one’s emotion, so does different factors dictate someones happiness. It has been reported

Death Changes free essay sample

Changes in Death Management Practices One of the first noted changes in the book regarding attitudes towards death can be seen with the advances in mass media. As Technology has advanced, so have the ways in which news is reported to the world. Radio, Television, and the Internet have given the public many ways of receiving information. When situations portray a perceived threat, people turn to mass media for information. The ability to access information regarding worldwide disasters, terrorism, and other acts of brutality make us feel like survivors of death. Because we are able to see and hear about things that we have no firsthand knowledge of, we feel like we are experiencing it to some degree. (DeSpelder, Strickland pg. 6) During the Vietnam War, television gave people access to images of things that were happening half a world away. In no other time were daily doses of violence to this degree a part of everyday life. Media analyst George Gerbner observed that these depictions of death evoked a heightened sense of danger, insecurity, and mistrust which contributed to an â€Å"irrational dread of dying and thus to diminished vitality and self-direction in life† (DeSpelder, Strickland pg. 8) Life expectancy and Mortality Rates have been affected by technology as well. In 1900, the average life expectancy was 47 years of age in the United States. As of 2005, the average life expectancy rose to 78 years of age. This rise can be attributed to epidemiologic transition which moves the largest number of deaths from the young to the old. In the early days people died from infection due to lack of medication and knowledge on how to treat and prevent. As this knowledge was gained, deaths tended to be from chronic disease processes that are common in the older population rather than young. In 1900, over half of deaths that occurred were to children under the age of 14. That number has decreased to less than 2% and this fact influences how we feel and think about death. (DeSpelder, Strickland pg. 36) In the 1870’s, nine out of ten Americans over the age of 15 had lost a parent or a sibling. Because medicine and medical care was not advanced, mother’s died during child birth and/or babies were born still born due to lack of prenatal knowledge and care advancement. The family unit was very important and often people in this time period would display postmortem pictures of loved ones who had passed as a testament to this family unit and the common knowledge of their mortality. One other change that has taken place is death rituals. In the early 1900’s families were more likely to be multigenerational living in the same house. People tended to intermingle with other generations out of necessity. Families lived on large homesteads and it took everyone to make it work. Because of this, multiple generations were present at the death of older family members and rituals and traditions existed. In this day and age people are more mobile and on the move. It is harder to maintain close relationships with family when you don’t live in the same state, let alone city. People appear to be less affected by the death of an older relative when the closeness of the relationship has been lost due to sheer proximity. Several changes that can be discussed regarding children are their attitudes towards death, their functional ability to understand death, and their desensitization to violence regarding death. Children’s attitudes towards death are much different in this day and age from in the late 1800’s or early 1900’s. In that time, families tended to live together in extended family situations possibly on homesteads. There was less access to medical care and things were taken care of at home. Death was something that was seen as a natural part of the living process and happened more regularly because of the generations that cohabitated. In this day and age as generations tend to live separately, children are more sheltered from this and therefore tend to look at death as something that doesn’t directly affect them. Jean Piaget, a theorist in human development, did extensive study of children and divided them into approximate age groups and developmental periods. He theorized that we develop our knowledge based on things we already know. These stages are sensorimotor from birth to 2 years when children learn based on their senses and motor abilities and begin to develop the idea of object permanence where they understand an object is still present even when it can’t be seen. Preoperational from 2-7 years where they progress from egocentric thought where they look at things as if they are the center of the world to prelogical where they learn trial and error and can begin to understand other points of view. Concrete operational from 7-12 years where they are able to logically understand and organize information and begin to think forward and backward about experiences. And finally, Formal operational from 12 years and up where they can think hypothetically and abstractly about situations and begin to have an interest in ethical situations. . (DeSpelder, Strickland pg. 2-53) Before these types of theorists existed, death was considered a natural part of the living experience and children just dealt with it like the rest of the family. Also in early years when children talked about death, it tended to be in the context of disease processes and accidents. As the culture has, advanced children are routinely exposed to things they weren’t before. If you ask, a child now days what things are that can cause death you may hear things like gunshot wounds and other traumatic experiences that can be linked to crime, violence they see on TV or video games or inner city experiences. In a cultural or historical sense differences in how dying is perceived can be from a cultural standpoint. Different religious and ethnical cultures have different practices and beliefs regarding death but as we have become more culturally competent society, the varying beliefs have become better understood. The physical cause of dying has changed simply by historical differences in living conditions. For example, in the Stone Age people were more likely to have died from trauma and animal attacks, whereas today dying from frailty, organ failure and dementia are more common. One change in regards to mortality and society where death is concerned can be related to education and training. For example, an earthquake in Japan in 1923 caused the death of 100,000 people. Today, because of advances in technology and safety we have ways to warn people of dangerous weather situations and have developed better safety practices that if followed can save many lives. . (DeSpelder, Strickland pg. 135-136) Change has also been seen in the conventional signs of death. Most deaths are determined by the absence of heartbeat and breathing. With the advances in technology and medicine, though, it is possible for mechanical ventilation and medications to artificially maintain these functions while the brain is termed dead. For this reason, the concept of brain death was created. Another innovation that has changed death is organ transplantation. Before this was discovered and perfected people had no choice but to die if they fell victim to an irreversible organ failure. Now, through organ donation and transplantation people can live long and productive lives if they can receive these lifesaving procedures. The final three changes that will be discussed are in regards to patients, staff, and institutions in the field of Health care. In 1900, about 80% of deaths in the United States took place in the home. As the invention of hospitals and other institutions took place, this shifted to the institutional setting with more people dying in hospital or nursing home setting. There is beginning to be a shift again however as hospice care becomes an option available to more and more people that allow them to stay in their homes around familiar surroundings instead of the sterile, non-personal setting of a hospital or institution. Another change that has taken place with regards to dying could be the rationing of resources. This will undoubtedly be getting even worse under Obamacare. Physicians used to be considered the gate keepers of what services and treatments were reasonably appropriate to which patients. As managed care comes more and more into the picture, this will change. Physicians will be paid a certain amount of money per month by insurance companies to manage the patients’ health. The less procedures, tests, and resources that are used the more money the physician will get to keep. This leads to the fear that rationing of resources or withholding of resources is a real possibility in order to keep from bankrupting doctors and clinics. Finally, palliative care, and end of life decisions are changing as well. There have been many advances with the advent of hospice and what can be done to allow a natural and peaceful death for those that are not interested in prolonging it. Undoubtedly, we will all die one day. There has been a shift in recent years from death being an almost taboo topic to one where people are taking control of their decisions. This is an area I am passionate about. You can take control of your end of life decisions by an advanced directive and informing your family members of your wishes. There are people who know they want every intervention possible done to keep them alive and there are those that are accepting of their own mortality, comfortable with their idea of what happens after death, and know that they want nothing heroic done to try and keep them on this earth if they cannot be an active participant.